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Additional Resources
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Listed below are references that relate to sentencing reform efforts
and sentencing advocacy, as well as sentencing-related websites.
- Casey, Pamela M., David B. Rottman, and Chantal G. Bromage. Problem-Solving Justice Toolkit, March 31, 2007.( This Toolkit offers a blueprint for using the problem-solving approach,
a form of differentiated case management for cases involving recurring contacts with the justice system due to underlying medical and social problems.)
- Kennedy, Anthony M. Speech at the American Bar Association Annual Meeting, August 9, 2003 . (Associate Justice Kennedy called for downward revisions to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, improvements to the general corrections system, and a reinvigoration of the pardon process at the state and federal level.)
- Clarke, Cait, Andrew Wamsley, and Malcolm C. Young (2003). The Ten Principles of Sentencing Advocacy. The Sentencing Project. (A working advisory group convened in 2002 to consider the direction of effective sentencing advocacy in light of changes to sentencing in criminal court (ie: longer sentences, mandatory minimum sentences, and guidelines). The ten principles included that sentencing advocacy is: individualized, holistic, problem-solving, requires comprehensive preparation, opposes racial disparity and cultural bias in criminal justice, requires resource parity, informs, builds coalitions, is a catalyst for treatment alternatives and community services, and furthers the goal of fundamental fairness.)
- Sampson, Kathleen M. A National Symposium on Sentencing: The Judicial Response to Crime: Report and Policy Guide, 1998. (Available from the NCSC library) This report provides plenary session details, the results of small group discussions, policy recommendations, an agenda, the participant’s list, and an annotated bibliography by author and subject. The policy recommendations were to educate everybody, find what works, exercise judicial leadership, eliminate bias, use resources more effectively, and build coalitions.)
- Wilhelm, Daniel F., and Nicholas R. Turner. Is the Budget Crisis Changing the Way We Look at Sentencing and Incarceration? Vera Institute of Justice Issues in Brief, June 2002. (The budget crises led many states to close prisons, reduce staff, and eliminate programs. This was a short term solution. States have also started reforming sentencing policy, and legislators have been supportive of the efforts for long term solutions. For example, sentencing commissions (like in NC) have been effective, especially when paired with simulation models that project the resources needed to implement various policy changes and recommendations. Kansas has early warning system for when the prison population will exceed capacity. Virginia ’s sentencing commission prepares a fiscal impact statement on all legislation that would affect the adult correctional facilities. Virginia also implemented and tested a risk assessment instrument that judges completed during the sentencing phase. Convicted felons could be referred to alternative sanctions depending their score. NCSC evaluated the program and concluded that the state saved $8.7 million by diverting many low-risk offenders.)
- Wool, Jon and Don Stemen. Changing Fortunes or Changing Attitudes? Sentencing and Corrections Reforms in 2003, Vera Institute of Justice Issues in Brief, March 2004. (This article surveys changes to the sentencing and corrections policies across the U.S. , and whether the changes represent further belt tightening or a deeper shift in attitudes towards sentencing and corrections. Four state’s efforts are highlighted: Alabama’s Sentencing Commission used a good simulation model, Delaware altered sentencing practices rather than choosing to add more prison beds, Kansas had a statutory mandate to explore alternatives to incarceration whenever projections showed that prison capacity would be exceeded, and Arizona used transition services prior to drug offenders being released from prison.)
Web Resources
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